Nicht bekannt, Details Über plastic

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Microbial species capable of degrading plastics are known to science, some of which are potentially useful for disposal of certain classes of plastic waste.

Plastics degrade by a variety of processes, the most significant of which is usually photo-oxidation. Their chemical structure determines their fate. Polymers' marine degradation takes much longer as a result of the saline environment and cooling effect of the sea, contributing to the persistence of plastic debris in certain environments.[54] Recent studies have shown, however, that plastics rein the ocean decompose faster than had been previously thought, due to exposure to the sun, rain, and other environmental conditions, resulting rein the release of toxic chemicals such as bisphenol A.

Most plastics contain organic polymers.[10] The vast majority of these polymers are formed from chains of carbon atoms, with or without the attachment of oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms. These chains comprise many repeating units formed from monomers. Each polymer chain consists of several thousand repeating units. The backbone is the part of the chain that is on the main path, linking together a large number of repeat units.

A number of additives identified as hazardous to humans and/or the environment are regulated internationally. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from chemicals that remain intact hinein the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, accumulate in the fatty tissue of humans and wildlife, and have harmful impacts on human health or on the environment.[2]

A literature study made in 2022 by geologist student Björn Lycke shows that the amount of microplastics rein sediment is increasing worldwide, especially hinein ports and tourist beaches.[82]

Plastics engineering – Engineering field studying polymer materialsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

Historically, Europe and North America have dominated global plastics production. However, since 2010 Asia has emerged as a significant producer, with China accounting for 31% of total plastic resin production in 2020.[29] Regional differences hinein the volume of plastics production are driven by Endanwender demand, the price of fossil fuel feedstocks, and investments made hinein the petrochemical industry.

The concentrations of most additives are usually quite low, however high levels can be added to create Masterbatch products. The additives rein these are concentrated but tonlos properly dispersed rein the host resin.

High-performance plastics are usually expensive, with their use limited to specialized applications which make use of their superior properties.

Engineering plastics are more robust and are used to make products such as vehicle parts, building and construction materials, and some machine parts. Rein some cases they are polymer blends formed by mixing different plastics together (ABS, HIPS etc.

Hinein feedstock recycling, waste plastic is converted into its starting chemicals, which can then become fresh plastic. This involves higher energy and capital costs. Alternatively, plastic can Beryllium burned rein place of fossil fuels in energy recovery facilities, or biochemically converted into other useful chemicals for industry.

There are differing estimates of how much plastic waste has been produced in the belastung century. By one estimate, one billion tons of plastic waste have been discarded since the 1950s.

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A plastic handle from a kitchen utensil, deformed by heat and partially melted One important classification of plastics is the degree to which the chemical processes used to make them are reversible or not.

Because the chemical structure of most plastics renders them durable, they are resistant to many natural degradation processes. Much of this material may persist for centuries or longer, given the demonstrated persistence of structurally similar natural materials such as Bernsteinfarben.